Leukaemia (blood cancer)

Overview

In leukaemia, blood cells multiply uncontrollably (blood cancer). Despite their large number, the blood cells don’t work the way they should. This leads to a weakened immune system, a tendency to bleed easily, paleness and fatigue. Possible therapies include chemotherapy, radiation or a bone marrow transplant.

Symptoms

Main symptoms

• Tendency to bleed easily (e.g. frequent nosebleeds, gum bleeding)
• Weakened immune system, often sick
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits and groin
• Enlarged spleen and liver

Chronic leukaemia often begins gradually. Acute leukaemia occurs suddenly and often progresses aggressively.

Other symptoms

• Lack of appetite, weight loss
• Lack of energy, paleness, fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Night sweats
• Fever
• Itching

Causes and treatment

Causes

The exact causes aren't always clear. Risk factors include:

• Weakened immune system (e.g. after chemotherapy or because of AIDS)
• Radiation (e.g. to treat cancer)
• Certain chemicals (e.g. benzene and some insecticides)
• Gene mutations
• Certain viruses are being discussed

Further treatment by your doctor / in hospital

Possible tests

• Blood test
• Bone marrow biopsy

Possible therapies

• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Bone marrow transplant

When to see a doctor?

• Frequent and prolonged bleeding
• Unexplained and persistent exhaustion or paleness
• Frequent infections
• Painless, chronically swollen lymph nodes

Further information

Swiss Cancer League (Krebsliga Schweiz)
www.krebsliga.ch